交通拥堵是目前很多城市都存在的问题，如何处理交通拥堵是一个世界性难题。托福考试是一项非常“接地气”的语言考试，考察的话题也多和大家的生活学习相关，环境类就是其中考察频率比较高的一个热门话题。下面我们来看一道高分真题回答：Many cities have problems with traffic congestion (traffic jams). What do you think a city should do to deal with traffic jams and why?许多城市都有交通拥堵(拥堵)。你认为一个城市应该怎么处理交通堵塞?为什么?

This is an issue that has global ramifications. Here are some ways we can address this problem.

Firstly, there is a need to expand, to build more roads and bridges to accommodate the growing number of people and cars. There are now fifty times as many cars on the roads as there were in the 1970s. Broadening existing roads into multi-lane overpasses in both the city center and suburbs could help to relieve traffic-related stress in city centers.

In addition, we should redesign the transportation system. Rapid urbanization demands that we rethink and be innovative. Imagine a system in which real-time information is gathered to move buses, cars and trains with maximum efficiency. Smart tickets count commuters on the subway. Sensors embedded in roads enable live feeds of traffic conditions. This sophisticated monitoring system helps to keep road traffic flowing above ground.

这是一个具有全球性影响的问题。下面是一些我们可以解决这个问题的方法。

首先，需要扩大，修建更多的道路和桥梁，以适应越来越多的人和汽车。与上世纪70年代相比现多出了五十倍多的汽车在道路上。在城市中心和郊区把现有道路拓宽为多车道的立交桥可能有助于缓解城市中心的交通压力。

此外，我们还要重新设计交通运输系统。快速的城市化要求我们重新思考和创新。设想一个系统，它可以实时收集信息，以最大限度地提高公共汽车、汽车和火车的运行效率。智能票在地铁上计算通勤人数。道路上的嵌入式传感器可以对交通状况进行实况转播。这种先进的监控系统有助于保持道路交通畅通。

笔记

1. Outline

怎样解决交通拥堵 R1: build more roads and bridges 建设更多道路 R2: redesign the transportation system to include technology 重新设计交通系统

2. Vocabulary

ramification 衍生后果 派生影响 overpass 天桥 commuters 通勤者 embed 嵌入 sophisticated 复杂的 精致的