托福阅读文章读不懂，多半是因为词汇和长难句。如果词汇量积累尚有欠缺，建议大家多背词汇，词汇量提升以后阅读文章也就不难理解了。那如果是因为长难句导致阅读文章理解障碍该怎么办呢?大家要学习长难句的分析方法。

一.例解析托福阅读长难句

1.句子

The people of the Netherlands, with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, had difficulty in developing good harbors suitable for steamships: eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, with exceptional results for transit trade with Germany and central Europe and for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials (sugar, tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil).

2.难点

本句的难点在于句子的修饰成分比较复杂，句子主干淹没在长长的定语和状语中。遇到这种句子只需要理清各个成分的修饰关系，就算定语和状语很长，找到了句子主干和修饰关系，句子意思也就明朗了。这里需要分清楚定语和状语的区别，定语修饰的是名词性的成分，一般紧挨着被修饰词(比如，results for transit trade…，for transit trade修饰的是results)，而状语则修饰非名词性成分，而且位置比较灵活，放在句首、句中或者句尾都不影响句子含义。

3.拆分

并列句1：The people of the Netherlands, with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, had difficulty in developing good harbors suitable for steamships.并列句2：Eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, with exceptional results for transit trade with Germany and central Europe and for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials (sugar, tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil).

4.句子成分

并列句1：The people of the Netherlands, [主语] with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, [定语] had [谓语] difficulty [宾语] in developing good harbors suitable for steamships. [定语]

翻译：有着悠久传统的渔业和航运业的荷兰人，在建造适合汽船停靠的优良海港上遇到难题。

并列句2：Eventually [状语] they [主语] did [谓语] so [宾语] at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, [状语] with exceptional results [状语] for transit trade with Germany and central Europe [定语] and [连接词] for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials [定语] (sugar, tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil). [同位语]

翻译：在鹿特丹和阿姆斯特丹他们终于做到了，同时取得了杰出的成果，他们与德国和中欧地区进行贸易运输，而且对海外食品和原材料进行加工。(从糖类、烟草、巧克力、粮食到原油)

5.整句英译汉

有着悠久历史传统的渔业和航运业的荷兰人，在建造适合汽船停靠的优良海港上遇到难题：在鹿特丹和阿姆斯特丹他们终于做到了，同时取得了杰出的成果，他们与德国和中欧地区进行贸易运输，而且对海外食品和原材料进行加工(从糖类、烟草、巧克力、粮食到原油)。

二.托福阅读长难句知识点

1.定语

定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的成分。

① In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events.

② Possible solutions to the problem are formulated.

2.状语

状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分,从情况、时间、处所，方式、条件、对象，肯定、否定、范围和程度等方面对谓语中心(或者整个句子)进行修饰或限制。

① In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown.

② It extends the scientist's thinking beyond the known facts.

3.并列句

并列句是构成并列复合句的简单句。

① I like action movies but I don't like thrillers.

② Take the chance, or else you will regret it.

托福阅读长难句的理解需要大家能找准句子中的成分，学会将长难句拆分或简化成简单句，这样理解起来就容易多了。上文中为大家举出托福阅读长难句分析的实例，希望大家在备考中能够参照文中分析方法结合实际情况来做长难句分析。