我们在平时备考托福写作的时候,一定要多注意积累词汇和短语表达,有了大量的词汇积累后,再在写作中尝试着去应用。牛学君为大家整理了托福写作中常用的词汇,希望对大家备考有帮助。
一.托福写作常用词汇
1、合作:cooperate、join forces、make joint efforts、work side by side;
2、支持,赞成:uphold、agree with、in favor of、approve of;
3、优秀的:perfect、brilliant、first rank、first-class;
4、有益的、建设性的:useful、helpful、valuable、constructiv;
5、永远的:eternal、perpetual、lasting throughout life;
6、过时的:outdated、outmoded、anachronistic、antiquated;
7、年轻人:young people、youth、youngster、young adult ;
8、短暂的:transitory、transient、ephemeral、short-lived ;
9、一些:a range of、a variety of、a series of、an array of ;
10、承认:admit、confes、acknowledge、concede;
11、利用:use、take advantage of ;
12、想法:frame of mind、mind set、the way one is thinking ;
13、支持:support、endorse、uphold、back up ;
14、不恰当:inappropriate、improper、unsuitable、inadequate;
15、偶尔:now and then、from time to time、at times;
16、合适:fit、suit、be suitable;
17、需要:require、need、demand、it is necessary for..to..;
18、解释:tell、explain、spell out、say how;
19、初始的:preliminary ;
20、依序列举:list in sequence。
以上是牛学君为大家整理的托福写作常用词汇,除了写作常用词汇外,我们还要注意常常被误用的词。
二.4组常被误用的词
1.compare与contrast的误用
我们先从两者的定义入手来看两者的区别。Compare的定义为:to examine people or things to see how they are similar or different. Contrast的定义为:to compare two or more things to show the difference between them.由定义不难看出前者侧重于找到两个或多个事物的异同,而后者则侧重于它们的不同。看个例句:
It is interesting to compare their situations to ours./It is interesting to contrast their situations to ours.
前一句翻译为:对比一下我们的情况与他们的情况会很有趣。
后一句的翻译为:我们的情况与他们的情况有很大的不同,这很有趣。
再看一个引自OXFORD ADBANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY的例子:
There is an obvious contrast between the culture of East and West.
The company lost $7 million in contrast to a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier.
When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast.
不难发现,Compare翻译为“与。。。相比”而contrast可译为“明显不同的是。。。”,切记这种翻译方式就不会用错彼此了。
2.assume及claim使用不够准确
我们知道, think, assume, claim是议论文中常用引出观点的动词。在实际作文中,同学们往往认为几个词的意思是一样的,完全可以代换,所以拿过来就用。甚至还有同学把consider也拿过来与之混用。我们首先还是从定义来看这几个词的不同:
Think:to have opinion or belief about sth.
翻译为“认为”,通常接宾语从句来表达比较确定的观点。
Assume:to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it.
翻译为“假设、假定”,是否有事实依据是不确定的。
Claim:to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it.
翻译为“声称”,用这个词往往意味着不赞同紧跟其后的观点,所以很少用作‘I claim that…
Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer, but in fact,…。
所以‘It is claimed that’通常翻译为“有报道称。。。”。和‘it is reported that’的区别在于后者翻译为“据报道”,往往代表着作者赞同报告的内容,
Consider:to think about sth carefully, especially in order to make a decision
翻译为“考虑”,一般不用作引出观点,看个例子:
We are considering buying a new car.
所以,千万不要在托福写作的第一段(观点表达段)就因为用词把握不准而导致对整篇文章的低分印象。
3.表“建议”的词汇后面忘记用虚拟从句
这是摘自学生托福作文中的一个病句:
I suggest he continues his study instead of working after graduation from high school.
因为‘suggest’翻译为“建议”,所以后面的从句应该用虚拟语气,黑体部分应该改为“(should) continue”
所以考生一定要牢记以下常见表“建议”的词汇,而且要记住这些词接从句时要用虚拟语气:
Recommend, suggest, advise
4.such as与for example的混用
我们知道,在表示举例子的时候,such as与like是完全等同的,如:Wild flowers such as/like orchids and primroses are becoming rare.
但是同学们对于Such as、for example的把握还是不够准确。我们都知道,后者接句子前者接词语表示举例子。于是就有了下面的写法:
There is a similar word in many languages, such as in French and Italian.
这里的such as改为for example为好,因为“in French and Italian”其实是“there is a similar word in French and Italian”的简化,所以要用for example来引出例证。再来看几个类似的例子:
It is possible to combine computer science with other subjects, for example physics.
以上是牛学君为大家整理的关于托福写作常见词汇的内容,希望对大家备考有帮助。大家在平时写作练习中,除了积累一些写作常用词汇外,还要积累写作的素材,组建写作模板,这些对于写作提升都是非常有帮助的。