托福写作的独立写作作为一篇议论文,对考生在文章体现出的论述能力有很高要求,而说到论述,大家常用的一种增强说服力的方法就是引用名人名言。然而这种引经据典的写作手法本身也需要有一定技巧才能发挥论述效果。下面小编就通过实例为大家具体讲解。
托福独立写作引用写法介绍
托福独立写作是议论文题材,引用名人名言或是谚语可使所表达的语言简洁凝练,生动活泼,增添感染力。在论证分论点时,可为自己的观点提供有力的论据,增强说服力。在强调主题时,具有画龙点睛之效,能够启人心智、升华主题。简言之,引经据典有以下三种作用,即 To illuminate the meaning ;To support the arguments ;To inspire and invoke。下面小编以托福作文题为例,看如何恰如其分地引经据典,旁征博引。
例一.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:
Parents should allow children to make mistakes and let them learn from their own mistakes.
此题按题型来看为利弊类题,按话题来看属于家庭类话题。父母应该让孩子经历风雨的洗礼去成长,还是避免孩子犯错误。若选择同义,认为家长应该让孩子在错误中汲取成长的营养,就可引用与经验教训历练成长相关的名人名言及谚语。
1. Mistakes are an essential part of education. (Bertrand Russell, Bdritish philosopher)
从错误中吸取教训是教育极为重要的一部分。(英国哲学家 罗素 .B.)
2. One thorn of experience is worth a whole wilderness of warning. (James Russell Lowell, British Poet and critic)
一次痛苦的经验抵得上千百次的告诫。(英国诗人、批评家 洛威尔 .J. R .)
3. Practical wisdom is only to be learned in the school of experience. (Samuel Smiles, British writer)
实用的知识只有通过亲身体验才能学到。(英国作家 斯迈尔斯 . S .)
4. As fruit needs not only sunshine but cold nights and chilling showers to ripen it, so character needs not only joy but trial and difficulty to mellow it. (Hugh Black, American writer)
水果不仅需要阳光,也需要凉夜。寒冷的雨水能使其成熟。人的性格陶冶不仅需要欢乐,也需要考验和困难。(美国作家 布莱克 H)
5. Mishaps are like knives that either serve us or cut us as we grasp them by the handle or blade.(James Russell Lowell, American poetess and critic)
灾难就像刀子,握住刀柄就可以为我们服务,拿住刀刃则会割破手。(美国女诗人、批评家 洛威尔 J R)
6. No pain , no palm; no thorns, no throne ; no gall, no glory; no cross, no crown. (William Penn, British admiral)
没有播种,何来收获;没有辛劳,何来成功;没有磨难,何来荣耀;没有挫折,何来辉煌。(英国海军上将 佩恩 W)
7. The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet .(Aristotle , Ancient Greek philosopher )
教育的根是苦的,但其果实是甜的。(古希腊哲学家 亚里士多德)
例二. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:
The expression “Never, never give up” means to keep trying and never stop working for your goals.
此题探讨一个人是否应该永不服输。若同义此观点,便可引用与坚持毅力相关的名人名言及谚语。
1. Our destiny offers not the cup of despair, but the chalice of opportunity. So let us seize it, not in fear, but in gladness. -- R.M. Nixon
命运给予我们的不是失望之酒,而是机会之杯。因此,让我们毫无畏惧,满心愉悦地把握命运。——尼克松
2. Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. -- John Ruskin
生活没有目标,犹如航海没有罗盘。——罗斯金
3. We must accept finite disappointment, but we must never lose infinite hope. -- Mattin Luther King
我们必须接受失望,因为它是有限的,但千万不可失去希望,因为它是无穷的。——马丁 · 路德 · 金
4. A strong man will struggle with the storms of fate. -- Thomas Addison
强者能同命运的风暴抗争。——爱迪生
5. While there is life, there is hope.
有生命就有希望/留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。
6. Storms make trees take deeper roots.
风暴使树木深深扎根。
7. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.
心之所愿,无所不成。
例三. Should students be required to take classes in many subjects or to specialize in one subject.
此题属于教育类话题,学生应该广而薄地学习多门课程,还是少而精地学习一门课程。若同意此观点,强调背景知识广博的重要性,可引用培根的名言。
Histories make men wise ; poems witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep ; moral grave ; logic and rhetoric able to contend .(Francis Bacon , British philosopher)
历史使人明智;诗词使人灵秀;数学使人周密;自然哲学使人深刻;伦理使人庄重;逻辑修辞学使人善辨。(英国哲学家 培根. F.)
例四. Which is most important for an enjoyable journey: good food, good location and good friend?
此题属于三选一题,建议考生选good friend比较好展开。强调同行者的重要性时就可引经据典。
1. Two heads are better than one.
三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮。
2. Good company on the road is the shortest cut.
行路有良伴就是捷径。
以上就是托福独立写作引用名人名言的技巧实例分析,希望大家能够掌握这种写作手法,合理引用提升文章质量和得分。