2020年高考在即,大批高考生将奔赴这场人生大考,三年的青春与汗水终有收获,每一次的挑灯奋战都是特殊的记忆。
今年有1000多万的考生参加决定自己命运的高考,高考试卷的来历始终是一个非常神秘的存在。试卷是怎么来的?谁命制的?什么时候命制的?又是怎么保密的?可能许多家长考生都非常好奇。本文将一步一步揭开这个神秘的面纱,消除你心中的疑虑。
命题时间
往常每年的5月初青年节前后 (今年因众所周知的原因延迟一个月),高考命题工作正式开展。命题工作大概持续半个月左右,剩余半个月用来微调和印刷。
命题之前
1.确定命题人
高考卷命题专家主要由三个群体组成:教授、在职老师和学科教学研究者。三者的比例递减,即大学教授占得比例最大,命题组组长为大学教授,各板块题目也都是大学教授命的。考试中心都有一个库,里面是适合命题的各地教授。一般为了稳定高考全国卷连续性,几年才一大换,一般几年内换的不多。
因为,高考选拔的对象,是要进入大学,说白了高考是为高等教育院校选拔人才。高校对学生的素质要求需贯彻到高考中,高考试卷的命题精神,指导、引导高中教学体系。显然,高中在职教师与市、区、县教研员对高校人才需求把握不到位。中学老师主要是去看题和做题的。
高考命题人是如何选拔的呢?简单描述为一优三非。
一优,即在行业内非常优秀,高校老师一般是正教授和博导,在职教师和学科教学研究者一般是有长期教学经验或研究经验的特、高级教师。
三非:
1非:指的是教师不能是高三教师。每个教师的教学都有自己的侧重和偏好,这种偏好会贯彻在他的教学中与命题中。
2非:指的是不能是该年高三考生的家长。
3非:指的是并未参与过高考补习、辅导、讲座、编写复习资料备考资料等的人。
2.通知命题人
确定了候选人,省考试院会在4月(5月)中下旬征询意见,问询能否参加当年的高考命题。再得到口头同意后,考试院会在4月(5月)底,5月(6月)初将命题人集中在一个指定的地方,让大家签订非常详细的长达几页的保密协议,对外统一口径声称“出差”等无关的事情,然后让大家乘坐指定的大巴,一般要到机场安检。(编者注:上述内容是各省自主命题的,现在统一命题有所区别)
3.严苛的安检
基本上每个省的命题人都要集中到机场安检,安检非常严格,任何电子设备都不能携带。有一个老师是这样描述的“衣服所有的夹带,U盘都被扣,所带的行李箱和衣物都要一点点细细检查,全身上下以及所带的物品没有一点是带字的,随身也不能有纸和笔。除了这些东西,手机等电子通讯设备更是“违禁品”,所有老师的通讯设备都被临时“收缴”。”
经过严格的安检后,命题人就会被拉到已经安排好的命题地点,开始为期一个月的“世外桃源”生活。
命题之中
首先中断对外的一切联系,给家人报平安也是有专人负责。但是生活上还是挺不错的,吃香的喝辣的,有电视,有娱乐,和度假无异。基本上没有人身自由可言,24小时有人站岗,电话有监听,电子设备被干扰,不能私自离开驻点。
其次出题工作强度大。基本上从早上8点,一直要忙到午夜。由组长带领,大家共同完成试卷。
命题原则
1.以教材及大纲为准绳
每一道题,一定要在考纲上有相应的考点对应。题意、描述、问题、解答,哪怕是字母顺序一个符号一个标点,要能够在教材处找到援引。
2.考纲的内容每大块都要覆盖,而且要注重交叉,各有侧重。
经常某道题的考点罗列及援引要比考题本身要长,并且绝对绝对不会出现超纲内容,这就要求命题人员要有极高的理论知识,不是简简单单说把考纲背下来就可以的。
3.“反押题”贯穿命题始终
高考命题组对高考教辅和网上押题信息的掌握,可以说是最全面的。出题的地方会有各种教辅资料以及官方教材。这些资料的主要作用并不是方便命题人员开阔思路,而是防止所出题目出现重复,尤其是后面的计算大题。某种思路一定不能为前人所用。如果命题过程中,有人提出某题和市面上某题差不多,那就一定要该题找出来,此题就不用。
从出题到题目的标点符号,包括题目是否可能出现歧义,出题的顺序都要反复商榷,命题组一般会有两三个通宵不眠夜。
英语阅读理解、完形填空,还需要从近几个月的国外杂志中,几百上千篇中,挑选出主题积极向上的、生词量比较均衡的、语法涵盖全面的文章,进行出题。
语文作文的命题过程是基本是要翻阅所有的模拟题,坚决避免被预测。有时作文的命题带有一定的偶然性,比如有一次就是命题期间,一位命题老师的父亲去世了,后来这位老师得知的时候痛哭不已,伤心之余、后悔自己曾经没有好好陪伴父亲。这位老师的经历也刺痛了其他老师,引起共鸣,那一年的高考作文题目就与“生命”相关。
如果语文和英语的命题有一定的弹性,那么数学卷的命题特点只有一个:忠于课本。在听到这个的时候也很吃惊,每道题必须要在课本教材里找到援引。考纲的内容每大块都要覆盖,而且要注重交叉和侧重。经常某道题的考点罗列及援引比考题本身要长,并且绝对不允许出现超纲内容,否则必须砍掉。
4.难易度适宜,并且可以拉开档次。
每年的平均分,每道题的分数段,客观题的得分率,一定要有具体的预测值,而且要对比往年。一般来说,所谓的“难一年易一年”也是存在这个考量的。不过这个难易程度很主观,平均分才是最客观的。具体到数学这科,平均分误差在三分以内。
对于命题组而言,考生个人分数不重要,群体的平均分才是考量的重点,试卷出来,平均分也基本定了。根据每年的平均分,每道题的平均分,每道题的分数段,客观题的得分率,一定会有具体的预测,而且会对比往年。
测试试卷
题目确定好后,要进行试题测试。
一种方法:当命题完成后,会有数名考生提前考试,接触到刚刚定好的当年高考试卷,选拔标准是成绩中游,来自省内几个县市的主要中学。试考的成绩就是他们高考的最终成绩。根据测试生的成绩,命题人会对题目进行微调,在这种情况下,十之八九会将题目难度降低。
另一种方法:考试院会请来没有参与命题的高中老师,到隔离区进行实考,并对试卷挑出各种毛病,最后再次修改,达成一致意见,试卷方可成型。
交印试卷
最后一步是印刷试卷,这个时候已经到了6月底7月初。会有几个指定印刷厂在动用大量警力严格保密的情况下,彻夜不休工作两天,印刷出所有试卷。(这几个印刷厂可以说是那几天全国保密程度最高的地方之一!)
每种试卷其实都是两套,正式加备用。而且除了命题人,没有人知道哪套正式、哪套备用,正式和备用也不在一个地方印刷。但如果没有极其重大情况发生,不经中央批准,高考是不会轻易动用备用卷的。即使当年四川发生的高考试卷被盗案件,也没有启动备用卷。
命题之后
试卷交付后,命题人仍然不能离开,直到高考结束后方可回家。来看看2位高考命题人亲述神秘经历 ↓↓↓
(1)“消失”
王建国(化名)老师记得,两年前高考结束后的第二天,他一回到教室,班上的学生们就立刻爆发出热烈的掌声。他们已经和老师分别一个多月,至今都不知道,老师突然“消失”是去了一个“秘密”地点,参加高考命题。
“非常开心。”王老师如此总结长达一个月的封闭命题时光。在他看来,能有机会出高考题,是“无比荣幸的事”。能够看到高考试卷如何诞生,一直是这位中学老师的愿望。
今年,他又一次被选中,成为高考命题人。
然而,这份荣幸却始终不能分享,不能声张。从接到通知的那一刻起,命题人的心情始终兴奋紧张交织。
张爱君(化名)老师也曾参与过高考命题。她说,被邀请去参与一份关乎数万考生命运的试卷命题工作,无疑是对自己教学的一种肯定。但是由于高考试卷属于国家机密,她出题前就被告知:“哪怕是无意识地‘泄题’,都会进监狱。”
其实,被邀请参与命题的老师,如果不愿意,也可以拒绝。但一旦签了保密协议,就没有“回头路”。
命题老师的身份保密,是重中之重。临行前,命题人也只知道自己的“归期”。至于会被“关”在什么地方出题,和什么人在一起,都不清楚。
(2)出题
出题人不允许使用任何通讯设备。张老师“消失”前,干脆就不带任何通讯设备,“这么做也是为了减少麻烦。因为到了命题驻地,身上所有的通讯设备都会被收走,直到高考结束才能归还。同样,高考结束回来时,命题期间所有写的、用的东西,也不能带走。”
人身限制也必不可少。张老师回忆说,命题的地方有武警站岗,电话有监听;办公楼里始终有电子干扰设备,“辐射是很大的”。命题人不许私自离开驻点;允许休息时间到院子里散步,但必须两个人以上。
为高考出题的人,工作强度很大,一般从早上8点,一直工作到午夜。张老师说,那真是“心无杂念”,每天就想一件事——出题。“有时回到房间,洗澡的时候,也在思考题目。”
一道题目的诞生源于集体智慧。在由高校老师、中学老师组成的命题团队中,所有的题目都要达成统一意见才能“面世”。
出题过程复杂,要求命题人考虑全面、谨慎。这其中不仅有科学的考量,还有对试题语言以及考生理解力的判断。张老师说,有时候,命题组内部会出现“激烈的争辩”。
(3)“归来”
高考开始那一刻,也是命题老师“大考”的时候。他们生怕卷子上出现意想不到的差错,也怕试卷难住寒窗苦读的学生。这种紧张的心情延续到了考试后。一如一部电影问世,导演关心票房一样,命题人也格外在意考生的感受和同行的评价。
王建国老师“自由”后,回到家第一件事,就是打开电脑,搜罗网上对高考试题的评价。“还不错,都说比较简单,没有特别偏,特别怪”。他说到这里,露出了笑脸,不是命题人的得意,倒是带了一点“讨好”考生的意味。
高考试卷销毁全过程
1.考完之后会立即销毁吗?
经过了两天没有硝烟的战争,高考结束,同学们上交试卷草稿纸还有答题卡之后就离开考场了。但是试卷需要统一按照考场封存,同时做好收尾工作。之后便加密运输至每个省的改卷中心,一般来说在省会城市统一改卷。扫描进计算机之后,就由早已选定好的老师改卷,改卷时间通常为半个月,在改卷的时候改卷老师不得使用任何电子设备,不得和外界产生联络。而且改卷结束之后,试卷也不会立刻销毁,而是保留半年。
2018年的时候河南曝出三起所谓答题卡被人修改的案件,虽然最后证明是考生自己说谎,但是还是证明了一个事实——高考试卷和答题卡是会保留很久的,起码半年。因为要应付各种各样可能发生的意外发生。
2.半年之后如何销毁试卷呢?
由于全国近年来考试人数逐年上涨,按照2019年高考一千万考生来计算,每个人四张试卷四份答题卡和草稿纸,每年大概有一亿张纸会产生,这些废纸如果焚毁是很可惜的,所以一般都会完全打碎之后重新制作成再生纸。
以上就是高考试卷生产、运输、销毁的全过程,你了解了吗?
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距离2020年高考仅剩5天的时间了
牛学教育也在这为最后冲刺的考生们送上一份福利
《牛学教育高考英语考前必背词汇》
高考英语考前必备词汇
下滑查看详细
一、 高考易混高频词汇词组
1) bring
bring in引进;挣得
bring about引起,导致
bring up养育,培养;呕吐;提出
bring out使展现,推出(书、唱片等)
bring down降低;使倒下
bring back把…带回来;使忆起;使恢复
bring forth结果,生产,产生
bring forward提出;提前
bring off 圆满完成(困难之事)
bring on惹来(坏的结果);加速生长。
1. The Internet has brought _____big changes in the way we work.
A. about B. out C. back D. up
2. The teacher made up a sentence to ______the meaning of the phrase.
A. show off B. turn out C. bring out D. take in
3. As we all know, air pollution often ____diseases.
A. brings on B. brings up C. brings back D. brings forward
2) break
break down崩溃,瓦解;垮掉;失败;(化学)分解;(公共场所)失去理智
break up打碎;大学放假;(物理)分解;分开,分成(几部分);结束;制止
break through逾越,突破;冲破
break away(from)挣脱,脱离
break out爆发
break in破门而入
break off折断;中断
break into进入建筑物以便行窃;突然发出或开始;打扰。
4. News reports say peace talks between the two countries ____with no agreement reached.
A. have broken down B. have broken out C. have broken in D. have broken up
5. You should relax yourself, otherwise you will _____in time.
A. break off B. break up C. wear out D. break down
6. Until then did I realize that their marriage was _____because they had little in common.
A. breaking up B. breaking down C. breaking through D. breaking off
3) come
come about发生
come out结果出来;出版;泄露;开花
come on跟随;作为挑战语;进展
come across偶遇;被理解
come true变为现实
come up走上前;被提出;长出地面;走近;升起
come up with产生,发现(解决办法、答案等)
come along一起来
come back回来;顶嘴
come by努力获得
come to总计;清醒过来
come off脱落;进展
7. The girl is clever and she always ______good ideas whenever she is in trouble.
A. comes about B. comes up with C. gets up as D. comes up
8. --- I don’t feel like going out. Why don’t we watch TV at home?
---______You promised to take me out for dinner.
A. Really? B. Not at all. C. Why not? D. Come on!
9. I have no idea how it _____that the man met with trouble again.
A. came up B. came out C. came across D. came about
4) carry
carry off获胜;成功做成(困难之事)
carry on继续,坚持
carry out执行
carry through帮助渡难关;完成,实现
carry back使忆起carry away失去理智
10. We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it _____very well.
A. worked out B. tried out C. went on D. carried on
11.---It’s a good idea. But who’s going to _____the plan? --- I think Tom and Greg will.
A. set aside B. carry out C. take in D. get through
12. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _____the next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
5) get
get about四处走动;传开
get across传达
get along\on (with)进展,相处
get away逃脱,设法离开
get down下来;下车
get in 收割;到达;请…来帮忙;考取
get off出发;下班
get together聚会
get up 起床;组织,筹划
get up as打扮成
get through 接通;通过;花费
get back取回;回到某地;继续做
get by勉强够花
get down to开始认真干
get out被人知道,泄露;逃离
get over克服,成功应付;恢复,复原
13. It was not a serious illness, and she soon _____it.
A. got over B. got on with C. got around D. got out of
14. We’re going to _____with some friends for a picnic. Would you like to join us?
A. get in B. get over C. get along D. get together
15. His mother had thought it would be good for his character to _____from home and earn some money on his own.
A. run away B. get away C. keep away D. take away
6) give
give up放弃
give in 屈服;呈交
give out 用尽,耗尽;分发;公布,发表;发出
give away露马脚;颁发;赠送,送掉;捐赠
give off发出
give back归还;使恢复。
16. His strong accent _____when he was trying to tell a lie.
A. put him off B. let him out C. gave him away D. turned him up
17. During the urgent period, the ministry of foreign affairs _____brief news every day.
A. gave away B. gave out C. gave up D. gave off
18. Don’t mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may _____the shocking ending.
A. give away B. give out C. give up D. give off
7) go
go against违背;与……不符;对……不利
go without勉强维持,凑合
go in for爱好,参加;从事
go by过去;依据,按照
go on继续;发生
go over 复习 ;仔细审查;走近
go ahead 进行
go though 被通过;从头到尾地阅读;排练;经历
go away走开;外出度假;消失
go for去取来或接来;争取得到;
go out出去, 熄灭, 过时, 罢工, 向往, 辞职, 倒塌。
19. I don’t ______rock’n’roll. It’s much too noisy for my taste.
A. go after B. go away with C. go into D. go in for
20. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _____.
A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out
21. The price _____, but I doubt whether it will remain so.
A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down
8) hold
hold on to保留,抓住不放
hold back隐瞒;阻碍(某人发展);(因谨慎而)退缩;控制(情感)
hold out维持;抵抗,硬撑
hold up举起;(常用被动语态)延搁,阻滞;支撑
hold up as作为榜样
hold off拖延;(雨雪等)迟迟不来;保持距离
hold down控制(上升);压制
hold in抑制
hold on 别挂断,等会儿;坚持
hold over延期;以……要挟
hold together团结一起。
22. We thought of selling this old furniture, but we’ve decided to ______it. It might be valuable. A. hold on to B. keep up with C. turn to D. look after
23. We meant to finish the task by dark, but we were so tired that we could not ______.
A. hold on B. keep to C. last on D. stick to
24. How long can they _____against the disaster?
A. hold back B. hold out C. hold up D. hold over
9) keep
keep away(from)使远离
keep back 扣除,保留;隐瞒不讲
keep off 避开;不踩、吃、谈等
keep on继续
keep out 挡在外边 ;(警示语)请勿靠近
keep up保持,不低落;持续,继续
keep up with跟上
keep down抑制(以防其增长)
25. The story is so interesting that he doesn’t _____it even though it is time for lunch.
A. get rid of B. keep away from C. break away from D. tear himself away from
26. There is a piece of board at the gate of the construction, which reads: _____without permission.
A. keep away B. keep out C. keep off D. keep up
27. Would you slow down a bit, please? I can’t _____you.
A. keep up with B. put up with C. make up to D. hold on to
10) look
look ahead向前看
look about环顾
look after照看;负责处理
look back回忆,回顾
look out 当心 ;找出
look on旁观
look up 向上看;查阅;形势好转;看望
look down upon看不起
look forward to 盼望
look through翻阅
look into调查;向内看
look round寻找;边走边看,观光
look over检阅,逐一检查
28. _____this book and tell me what you think of it.
A. Look through B. Look on C. Look into D. Look up
29. _____! There is a train coming.
A. Look out B. Look around C. Look forward D. Look on
30. She ____her number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right.
A. looked up B. looked for C. picked out D. picked up
11) make
make up编造;给某人化妆;组成,构成;补齐,凑足;准备,布置
make up of 由……构成
make up for 补偿,弥补
make out 辨认出
make into制成;使成为
make from制成
make of 制成;理解,看待,对待
make out of 由……制成
make for走向,冲向;有助于,倾向于;
make off 溜掉
make over(正式依法)转让。
31. Tom was so busy these days because he had a lot of papers to ______.
A. take up B. make up
C. work up D. hold up
32. Doctors say early rising _____good health.
A. makes off B. makes for
C. makes out D. makes up
33. The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to_____.
A. make it out B. make it off C. make it up D. make it over
12) put
put back放回原处;拨回;阻碍;推迟
put down揭下来;踩下;停车下人;平定,镇压;记下
put aside放下(正在读的书或正在干的活);储蓄;不顾,忽视
put away将事物放置于惯常保存之处;储蓄;过度吃喝;放弃
put forth(正式)长出
put forward提出(计划、建议);拨快;提前
put in插嘴;安装;花费
put off延期;推诿,闪避
put on穿戴;假装;安排;上映
put out扑灭;生产
put up为某人提供食宿;短期住宿;建造;举起;张贴,公布
put up with容忍。
34. You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please ____the books when you’ve finished with them.
A. put on B. put down
C. put back D. put off
35. Before the war broke out, many people ___in safe places possessions they could not take with them.
A. threw away B. put away
C. gave away D. carried away
36. The forest guards often find campfires that have not been ____completely.
A. turned down B. put out
C. put away D. turned over
13) send
send for 派人去请;订购
send up上升;发射;取笑
send out 发送;长出;发出(请柬、信号等)
send off送行;邮寄出
send away送走;解雇
send down下降;开除(大学学生)
send forth长出send in寄去。
37. ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White? ---He’s already been ____.
A. asked for B. sent for
C. called for D. looked for
38. We can easily pick up the English programs _____by the CCTV.
A. sent off B. sent out
C. sent away D. sent up
39. It was not until seven years old that I was _____to school.
A. sent away B. sent back
C. sent out D. sent for
14) 十四、set
set off 出发;引爆;引起,激发
set out 开始;动身踏上漫长旅途
set up 创建,建立;安排;安装;竖起
set up as当上
set about着手干(尤指费时费劲的事);处理
set aside不顾;(为某种目的,后接for)留出
set apart使与众不同;(为某种用途)留出
set back 阻碍,拖后腿
set forth 启程;阐明
set in(不愉快的事情)开始,来临
set down下车;写下;放下。
40. It’s ten years since the scientist _____on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical.
A. made for B. set out
C. took off D. turned up
41. The primary school was _____where there used to be an old temple.
A. set up B. put up
C. built up D. held up
42. If you ____any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.
A. come up with B. set about C. run into D. put aside
15) take
take in吸收
take for 误认为
take out 拿出
take down 放下
take up从事;拿起;占据(时间或空间)
take off 飞机起飞;脱下;休假;走红
take by攻占
take after像
take along 随身携带
take away带走,拿走;使离去
take back 收回(说错的话);退回(所购商品);使忆起
take charge 负责,掌管
take on呈现;雇佣
take out拿出;带……出去
take over 接管,接任
take place发生
take to开始喜欢;染上……习惯
take with 与……混在一起。
43. Our daughter doesn’t know what to _____at the university, so she can’t make up her mind about her future.
A. take in B. take up
C. take over D. take on
44. To keep healthy, Professor Johnson _____cycling as a regular form of exercise after he retired.
A. took up B. caught on
C. carried out D. made for
45. Helen always helps her mother even though going to school ______most of her day.
A. takes up B. makes up
C. saves up D. puts up
16) turn
turn against转而反对;使与…为敌
turn back折回,掉转头
turn away转身,走开,打发走turn out结果是;关上(电灯);赶出;生产,制造 turn down 拒绝;调小
turn off 关掉;不喜欢
turn over打翻;仔细思量;翻耕;移交
turn in 上交(作业等);拐入
turn into变成;翻译
turn on打开;取决于
turn to求助于;翻到
turn up调大;出现。
46. We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn’t quite ______as planned.
A. make out B. turn out
C. go on D. come up
47. I can hardly hear the radio. Would you please______?
A. turn it on B. turn it down C. turn it up D. turn it off
48. He was disappointed to find his suggestions___.
A. been turned down
B. turned down
C. to be down
D. to turn down
49. The dictionary is being printed and it will soon_____.
A. turn out B. come out
C. start out D. go out
二、 高考写作话题必背词汇
热点话题一:中学生的爱好与兴趣
基本词汇
favorite (最喜欢的);
taste (爱好,志趣);
read novels (读小说);
surf the Internet (上网);
chat online (在线聊天);
collect stamps (集邮);
make friends (交友);
climb mountains (爬山);
enjoy pop music (喜欢流行音乐)
亮点词汇
develop an interest in (在……方面培养兴趣);
be fond of (喜欢);
be keen on (对……着迷);
have a taste in (喜爱);
hobby (业余爱好);
be interested in (对……感兴趣);
have a great love for (非常喜爱……)
热点话题二:友谊
基本词汇
make friends with sb.(和某人交朋友);
a strong personality (个性强);
personal matters (私事);
friendly (友好的);
a close friend (一个亲密的朋友);
trust each other (互相信任);
share...with sb.(与某人分享);
keep in touch with sb. (与某人保持联系);
stay best friends with sb. (和某人保持很好的友谊);
a friend in need (患难之交)
亮点词汇
get to know sb.(认识某人);
know sb. very well(熟知某人);
precious(珍贵的);
worthy(有价值的);
understanding(善解人意的);
be loyal to(对……忠诚);
keep sb. company.(陪伴,做伴)
热点话题三 招聘与求职
基本词汇
employ(雇用);
full|time(全职的);
part|time(兼职的);
well|paid(薪水高的);
be paid by the hour(按小时发工资);
subject(课程);
working experience(工作经验);
health(健康状况);
present address(目前的地址);
graduate from(毕业于);
degree(学位);
scholarship(奖学金);
good grades(良好的成绩);
be good at(擅长);
experienced(有经验的);
confident(自信的);
English and computer ability(英语和计算机能力)
亮点词汇
requirement(要求);
resume(简历);
schooling(学校教育);
qualification(资格,学历);
transcript (学生成绩报告单);
apply for(申请);
be skilled in/at(在……方面熟练);
major in(主修);
minor in(辅修)
热点话题四 中学生健康问题
基本词汇
physical and mental condition(身体与精神状况);
strong(强壮的);
unhealthy/healthy(不健康的/健康的);
thin(瘦的);
nearsighted/short|sighted(近视的);
normal(正常的);
abnormal(不正常的);
energetic(精力旺盛的);
eating habit(饮食习惯);
eat too much junk food (吃太多的垃圾食品);
stay/keep healthy/fit(保持健康);
enough sleep(充足的睡眠);
good living habit(良好的生活习惯);
lose weight(减肥) ;
nutrition(营养)
亮点词汇
build up one's body/improve one's health(强身健体);
ease the burden(减轻负担);
be/go on a diet(节食);
overweight(太胖的);
take regular exercise(进行有规律的运动);
proper diet(合理的饮食);
be good for/do good to(对……有益处)
热点话题五 校园文明与安全问题
基本词汇
school rules and regulations(学校规章制度);
behave well(表现良好);
be neatly dressed(穿戴整洁);
respect one's teachers and parents(尊敬师长);
be on time(准时);
keep the environment clean(保持环境干净);
break the rules(违反规定);
spit(吐痰);
cheat in the exam(考试作弊);
get in line (排队);
fight with sb.(与某人打架);
punish sb. for (因……处罚某人)
亮点词汇
observe discipline(遵守纪律);
civilized(文明的);
be expected to(被期望);
be of no good to (对……毫无益处)
热点话题六:环境保护
基本词汇
pollute(污染);
cut down trees(砍伐树木);
waste water(废水);
throw rubbish around(乱扔垃圾);
protect the surroundings(保护周边环境);
protect rare animals(保护稀有动物);
improve the environment(改善环境);
save energy(节省能源)
亮点词汇
do great harm to(给……带来很大危害)
preserve/protect the ecological environment 保护生态环境
raise people’s awareness of environment protection 提高人们的环保意识
care for trees and plants 爱护树木花草
ride bicycles to work 骑自行车上班
recycle textbooks/trash 课本/垃圾回收利用
take public transport 乘坐公共交通
deal with rubbish properly 正确处理垃圾
save energy/water 节约能源/水
don’t litter/spit everywhere 不随地扔垃圾/吐痰
sort the garbage 分类垃圾
ban abusing plastic bags 禁止滥用塑料袋
ban smoking in public places 禁止在公共场合吸烟
热点话题七 和谐社会
基本词汇
harmonious(和谐的);
honest(诚实的);
credible (可信的);
balanced(平衡的);
social order(社会秩序);
peaceful(和平的);
sustainable development(可持续发展);
help each other(互助);
care for each other(互相关心);
have a liking for (喜爱);
build(创建);
cherish(珍惜); public morals(社会道德)
亮点词汇
devote to(献身);
be public spirited(有公德心的);
be concerned with (关心);
live in harmony(和谐共处)
热点话题八 现代技术
基本词汇
computer电脑 ;
machine机器
software软件;
technique技术,技巧,技能
equipment设备 ;
science科学,自然科学
experiment实验 ;
research研究,调查
project工程,项目 ;
the Internet因特网
analyze分析 ;
conclude总结
create创造 ;
explore探索
measure测量 ;
reflect反射,反应
search搜索 ;
observe观察
update更新,使现代化 ;
simplify使简化
accurate精确地 ;
digital数字化的
亮点词汇
realize one’s dream实现某人的梦想
have access to be accessible能使用
come true实现,成为现实
be related linked to与…有关联
advanced science and technology先进的科学技术
catch up with the advanced world levels赶上世界先进水平
make a great difference有很大影响,有很大作用
play an important role in在…起重要的作用
make it possible for life to develop使得生命发展成为可能
with the rapid development of science and technology随着科技的迅速发展
热点话题九 语言学习
基本词汇
accumulate v. 积累,积聚
approach n. 方法;途径
base n. 基础 v. 以......为基础
confuse v. 使迷惑;使混淆 ;
consistent adj. 一致的
distinguish v. 辨别
explain vt. 解释,说明
explanation n. 解释,说明
explicit adj. 清楚明白的,易于理解的
expression n. 词语,表达;表情
fluent adj. 流利的,流畅的
grammar n. 语法;
improve v. 提高
master vt. 精通,掌握 ;
overcome v. 克服,解决
pronounce v. 发音 ;
standard n.&adj. 标准(的)
review vt. 重新调查;回顾;复习 n. 复查,复习,评论
revision n. 复习,温习;
shortcoming n. 缺点,短处
specific adj. 明确的,具体的,独特的
vocabulary n. 词汇,词汇表
亮点词汇
bear (sth) in mind 记住(某事)
enlarge one’s vocabulary 扩大词汇量
express oneself in English fluently 用英语流利地表达思想
form a habit 养成习惯
give sb some advice on how to learn English 给某人就如何学英语提出一些建议
have a good command of sth 精通......
have a good knowledge of English 精通英语
insist on 坚持
improve writing skills 提高写作能力
learn...by heart 用心记......
take part in the English corner 参加英语角
热点话题十热点话题
基本词汇
absorb v.吸收;吸引……的注意
activity n.活动;活跃
admirer n.钦佩者;仰慕者
attitude n.态度;看法
celebrity n.名人
circulate v.传播
evolution n.进化;演变
everincreasing adj.不断增长的
firstrate adj.第一流的,最上等的
irresponsible adj.不负责任的;不可靠的
mental adj.心理的;精神的
moral adj.道德的;精神上的
negative adj.消极的;否定的
observe vt.观察;注意到;遵守
phenomenon n.现象
psychological adj.心理的;心理学的
urgent adj.紧急的;急迫的
warmhearted adj.热忱的,热心肠的
wellreceived adj.受到欢迎的
亮点词汇
adapt to适应于……
be aware of意识到
be classified as...被归类为……
be devoted to专心于,献身于
be ignorant of对……不知道,不了解
broaden one’s horizon拓宽视野
in favor of有利于;支持,赞同
run into trouble陷入困境之中
release the pressure释放压力
result in导致
control the population growth 控制人口增长
lower the rate of teenage crime 降低青少年犯罪
smart phone 智能手机
deepen reform 深化改革
the Scientific Outlook on Development 科学发展观
follow the path of socialism with Chinese Characteristics 走中国特色社会主义道路
we cannot ignore the fact that 无法忽视这一事实
there is no denying the fact that 不可否认
there is no doubt that; undoubtedly 毫无疑问
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